Behaviour of matter - expansion

In a solid the particles are close together.
In a liquid the particles are slightly further apart.
In a gas the particles are spread out, away from each other.

To help make the particles spread we can add energy ( heat). The extra energy gives the energy of the particles more power, there fore making them spread out. We can also stir the particles to break them up.

When the particles are heated, they begin to move around more and the space between the particles increases, causing the substance to expand. The diagram below shows the effect of heat on the particles of a solid substance. notice the particles are vibrating more. because of this, they are bumping into each other and the distance between the particles increases.

When you heat up particles what happens to them? The particles move and bump into each other, creating more space between them.
What happens to the size of the particles? They stay the same.
What happens to the space between them? More space is created due to the vibration of the particles.
What happens to the size of the substance? It expands due to the space between the particles increases.

Experiment!!!!
Aim: to observe contracting liquids and gasses.
Equipment: Aluminium can, scissor tongs, Bunsen burner, heat proof mat, tripod, gauze mat, an open container of water.

Steps.
1. set up a Bunsen burner underneath a tripod and gauze mat, on top of a heat proof mat.
2. pour about 50-60 mls of water into the can.
3. heat the can until steam is escaping from the top. careful lift with scissor tongs.
4.  quickly flip the can of hot water upside down into the open water container with scissor tongs.

 We set up the experiment. we filled the can partially with water and waited...

 The water in the can started to boil. The can became shaking with the water boiling vigorously inside.

We transferred the can, top down, into cold water. It contracted and made a loud noise.

Describe the effects of heat on...
1. the movement of particles. The particles had more room to move after the can was heated.
2.the size of particles. the size of the particles didn't  change.
3. the space between particles The particles moved apart
4. the size of the substance. the can grew a little when heated and contracted wen introduced to the cold water.