Acids and bases

Here is a dlo of my learning about acids and bases

I am learning: about acids and bases
How this shows my learning: I have explained what acids and bases are, neutralisation, universal indicator and acid rain.
I am wondering: How someone found a chemical which works as universal indicator.


What is an acid: Acid comes from the word 'acidus' meaning sour in latin. The definition of an acid is a substance with a ph less than 7 and  gives off hydrogen ions. Some acids can be corrosive ( the stronger the acid the more corrosive). The strongest acids have the lowest ph level. Examples of acids include soft drinks, vinegar, citrus juices,wine, some preserves and gastric juices.

What is a base: a base is an acid opposite and will remove hydrogen ions from a solution.Some bases are alkalis' meaning they can dissolve in water. You can find bases in cleaning products, toothpaste, baking soda,  and antacid tablets ( for your stomach).



Indicators and the ph scale: Universal indicator is used to tell if a substance is acidic or basic by showing us a certain colour. The more acidic the substance, the ui mixture will turn red, if it is basic it turns purple, the other colours are in the middle ( see below)



Neutralisation: 
This is the chemical reaction when a base and acid mix together. If you add the right amount of both ends of the scale you should get a successful neutralisation.

Useful neutrilisation: as we know, our stomach uses acid to break down food. Our stomach has a lining which stops the acid from corroding the walls. The oesophagus doesn't have the same lining and when there is too much acid in the stomach it rises to the oesophagus. We use a basic antiacid to cancel out the acid.

Acid rain: Acid rain is any rain with high levels of acid in it. This occurs when people burn fuels, corbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides escape into the air. These particals dissolve into water withing the clouds and follows the water cycle, making the rain more acidic.